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Increased intestinal barrier permeability, leaky gut, has been reported in patients with autism. However, its contribution to the development of autism has not been determined. We selected dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to disrupt and metformin to repair the intestinal barrier in BTBR T+tf/J autistic mice to test this hypothesis. DSS treatment resulted in a decreased affinity for social proximity; however, autistic behaviors in mice were improved after the administration of metformin. We found an increased affinity for social proximity/social memory and decreased repetitive and anxiety-related behaviors. The concentration of lipopolysaccharides in blood decreased after the administration of metformin. The expression levels of the key molecules in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and their downstream inflammatory cytokines in the cerebral cortex were both repressed. Thus, "leaky gut" could be a trigger for the development of autism via activation of the lipopolysaccharide-mediated TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway.
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Mice , Animals , NF-kappa B , Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Autistic Disorder/metabolism , Signal Transduction/physiologyABSTRACT
Objective:To summarize the combined rehabilitation nursing process of a case of voice and deglutition disorders following surgical removal of intra-and extracranial schwannoma in the jugular foramen area.Methods:A case of hoarseness and dysphagia after surgery for intracranial and extracranial schwannomas in the left jugular foramen region in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in October 2020 was collected. Early step-wise voice training assisted by respiratory muscles and tongue muscle exercises was carried out, electronic laryngoscope-based breathing and swallowing methods, assessment of food and bite-size, maintenance of food consistency with the assistance of chewing times, and swallowing and ingestion guidance for the update of dietary methods were performed. The continuous rehabilitation training was provided throughout the process.Results:The grade of GRBAS scale decreased from G3 to G2 after training from home for 3 months following discharge; the voice handicap index of Chinese version reduced from 75 points to 52 points, and the average pronunciation time extended from 2.45 s to 5.32 s. The frequency of choking with food optimized from 0.4 to 0.5 times/min to no choking.Conclusions:Early rehabilitation training of voice and, swallowing and ingestion is a boon for the recovery of hoarseness and dysphagia after resection of schwannomas in the jugular foramen region.
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Objective:To investigate the postoperative changes in levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-[OH]D], parathyroid hormone (PTH) and other relevant biomarkers in obese patients receiving metabolic surgery and analyze the dynamic changes in relevant biomarkers in the short term (after 3-6 months) and the long term (after 12-24 months).Methods:A total of 96 obese patients who underwent metabolic surgery and received follow-up examinations from January 2018 to January 2020 were included. Baseline and postoperative data were collected, including anthropometric data (height, weight, neck circumference, waistline and hipline) and laboratory test results (fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, 25-[OH)D, PTH, serum calcium and serum phosphorus). Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio were calculated. The anthropometric data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and laboratory data were compared between groups using t test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results:96 patients (33 males and 63 females) were included, of whom 49 were complicated with diabetes. Prior to surgery, 79 (79.17%) of the patients had 25-(OH)D deficiency (< 20 μg/L), 16 (16.67%) had 25-(OH)D insufficiency (≥ 20 μg/L and < 30 μg/L) and 23 (23.96%) had high PTH levels (> 70 ng/L). After the surgery, 25-(OH)D level was transiently increased in the short term ( P = 0.01) but declined thereafter in the long term ( P < 0.01) to levels lower than baseline ( P = 0.023). Long-term PTH level was higher than baseline ( P = 0.012), with 11 patients showing PTH levels higher than normal (> 70 ng/L). Serum phosphorus level was increased in both the short term and the long term ( P < 0.01). Conclusions:Obese patients have 25-(OH)D deficiency/insufficiency before metabolic surgery and experience further decrease in the long term after surgery, despite a transient increase. Secondary increase in PTH level occurs in some of the patients after surgery. Long-term nutritional supplements and comprehensive nutritional management play important roles in postoperative management of obese patient.
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Objective:To systematically evaluate of the impact of non-specific soft tissue manipulation on pain severity in patients with chronic neck pain.Methods:Trials included in Meta-analysis were determined by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and 5 English databases in the U.S. Clinical Trial Registry. The search terms include the subject terms of neck pain, soft tissue treatment, massage, and myofascial release. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies. The included trials were assessed by using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. STATA statistical software 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Additionally, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to analyze the sources of heterogeneity and assess the stability of research results. Begg funnel plot and Egger′s publication bias plot were used to assess potential publication bias.Results:This systematic review included a total of 12 randomized controlled trials (566 patients in total). The participants were 18 to 85 years old. Most of the included studies were of medium quality. This Meta-analysis validated the effectiveness of soft tissue manual therapy on alleviating pain symptoms in patients with chronic neck pain ( ES =-0.83, 95% CI -1.15 to -0.51, P = 0.001). The Begg funnel plot indicated that there may be potential publication bias. Conclusions:This Meta-analysis found that soft tissue manual therapy has a significant effect on alleviating the pain of patients with chronic neck pain. However, different pain assessment tools could have a certain impact on the Meta-analysis results.
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Neuroblastoma(NB)has the highest incidence in pediatric extracranial solid tumors, so its pathogenesis is urgently needed to figure out and guide the targeted therapies.Both heterogeneous pathological characteristics and various clinical phenotypes show that NB has cryptic biological and genetic features.This paper reviews the evidence of gene mutations and epigenetic changes in NB to prospect for new therapeutic targets.
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Background and Objectives@#Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is a rare and serious connective tissue disease, an autoimmune disease, and a rare refractory disease. In this study, preventive effect of single systemic human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) transfusion on SSc was preliminarily explored. @*Methods@#and Results: SSc mouse model was established by daily intradermal injection of Hypochlorite (HOCl). SSc mice were treated by single transfusion of UC-MSCs at 0.625×10 5 , 2.5×105 and 1×106 respectively. At the 42nd day of intradermal injection of HOCl, the symptoms showed up by skin and alveolar wall thickening, lymphocytic infiltration, increased collagen in skin/lung, and the increased proportion of CD3 ＋ CD4＋ CD25＋ FoxP3＋ cells (a Treg subset) in spleen. After UC-MSCs transfusion, the degree of skin thickening, alveolar wall thickening and lymphocyte infiltration were decreased, the collagen sedimentation in skin/lung was decreased, and the proportion of CD3＋ CD4＋ CD25＋FoxP3＋ cells was decreased. @*Conclusions@#UC-MSC can achieve a preventive effect in SSc mice by fibrosis attenuation and immunoregulation.
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Background and Objectives@#Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is a rare and serious connective tissue disease, an autoimmune disease, and a rare refractory disease. In this study, preventive effect of single systemic human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) transfusion on SSc was preliminarily explored. @*Methods@#and Results: SSc mouse model was established by daily intradermal injection of Hypochlorite (HOCl). SSc mice were treated by single transfusion of UC-MSCs at 0.625×10 5 , 2.5×105 and 1×106 respectively. At the 42nd day of intradermal injection of HOCl, the symptoms showed up by skin and alveolar wall thickening, lymphocytic infiltration, increased collagen in skin/lung, and the increased proportion of CD3 ＋ CD4＋ CD25＋ FoxP3＋ cells (a Treg subset) in spleen. After UC-MSCs transfusion, the degree of skin thickening, alveolar wall thickening and lymphocyte infiltration were decreased, the collagen sedimentation in skin/lung was decreased, and the proportion of CD3＋ CD4＋ CD25＋FoxP3＋ cells was decreased. @*Conclusions@#UC-MSC can achieve a preventive effect in SSc mice by fibrosis attenuation and immunoregulation.
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Objective:To explore the chain mediating effect of depression and rumination between negative life events and non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI).Methods:Adolescents self-harm scale was used to investigate 1 000 students in a vocational school of Guizhou Province. A total of 333 vocational students with NSSI were screened through, and further investigated by adolescent self-rating life events check list (ASLEC), the center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D), and ruminative Response Scale (RRS). SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 8.1 software were used for data analysis, and the bias corrected percentile Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect.Results:(1)The scores for negative life events, depression, rumination and NSSI were 67.00 (54.00, 79.00), 47.00 (39.00, 53.50), 64.00 (54.00, 76.00) and 7.00 (2.00, 10.00) respectively.(2)Negative life events were positively correlated with depression ( r=0.29, P<0.01), rumination ( r=0.40, P<0.01), and NSSI ( r=0.18, P<0.01). (3)The mediating effect size of depression between negative life events and NSSI was 0.07, accounting for 38.89% of the total indirect effect.The mediating effect size of rumination between negative life events and NSSI was 0.06, accounting for 33.33% of the total indirect effect.The chain mediating effect of depression and rumination between negative life events and NSSI was 0.05, accounting for 27.78% of the total indirect effect. Conclusion:Negative life events can indirectly affect NSSI of vocational education students through depression and rumination, as well as the chain mediating path.
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Objective:To investigate the value of whole-lesion histogram parameters of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in evaluating and predicting the pathological complete response(PCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in different subtypes of breast cancer.Methods:This retrospective study included 117 patients with breast cancer who underwent MRI examination before NAC prior to surgery from January 2016 to December 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University. All cases were divided into Luminal B, HER2 positive ( n=21) and triple negative ( n=26) groups. The surgical pathology after chemotherapy was evaluated by Miller-Payne (M-P) system and the patients were divided into PCR group and non-PCR (nPCR) group. Firevoxel software was used to generate the whole-lesion ADC histogram. The parameters included mean (ADC mean), skewness, kurtosis, the minimum (ADC min), the maximum (ADC max), 10th percentile(ADC 10%), 50th percentile (ADC 50%) and 90th percentile (ADC 90%). The two independent samples t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between PCR and nPCR groups in each subtype. The diagnostic performance of statistically different ADC parameters for predicting PCR was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:Kurtosis was significantly higher in PCR group than that in nPCR group in HER2 positive subtype ( P=0.039). It achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.813 with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 68.7% at the optimal cutoff value (1.861) for differentiating PCR from nPCR cases. In triple negative subtype, ADC mean and ADC 50% were smaller in PCR group than those in nPCR group ( P=0.028,0.013). They achieved AUCs of 0.800, 0.842, respectively. When ADC mean of 1.030×10 -3 mm 2/s and ADC 50% of 0.976×10 -3 mm 2/s were used as cutoff value to differentiate PCR from nPCR, the sensitivities were 75.0%, 80.0% and the specificities were 83.3%, 83.3%, respectively. Conclusion:Kurtosis can predict post-NAC PCR in patients with HER2 positive breast cancer, while ADC 50% has a high value in predicting post NAC PCR of triple negative breast cancer patients.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between postoperative residual pancreatic volume and change of blood glucose levels. Method Eighty?five cases of pancreatic benign and malignant tumor patients with preoperative and postoperative pancreatic CT images and clinical data were included retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative pancreatic volume in benign patients and malignant patients were measured. Eight five patients were divided into 5 groups according to the resection volume ratio. Blood glucose levels were compared at different resection volume ratios. Correlation analysis of pancreatic resection volume ratio and blood glucose level were conducted in 39 benign patients and 46 malignant patients.ANOVA test, t test and Peason correlation coefficient were used. Result Postoperative benign and malignant group glucose level difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Preoperative and postoperative malignant group of glucose level difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Benign postoperative blood glucose between each groups was statistically significant (P<0.05); Malignant postoperative blood glucose between each groups was statistically significant (P<0.05); The volume ratio of benign and malignant tumor resection was positively correlated with postoperative blood glucose level (r values were 0.85 and 0.77, P<0.01). Conclusions There were statistically significant differences in blood glucose levels between pre?operation and post?operation of benign and malignant tumors. Postoperative blood glucose level was correlated with pancreatic resection volume, and postoperative blood glucose level was positively correlated with resection volume ratio.
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Objective To summarize the radiological features of follicular dendritic cell tumor of spleen (FDCS).Methods The clinical, radiological and pathological data of 8 patients from November 2011 to November 2017 in 5 hospitals with FDCS confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent CT examinations including plan and enhanced CT. Three patients underwent additional MRI and two patients underwent PET‐CT examinations simultaneously. The imaging features such as location, number, shape, boundary, size, internal structure, density (or signal, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake), enhancement model and the relationship with surrounding structures were observed and compared with pathological results. Results Of the 8 patients with FDCS, 7 were located in the spleen and 1 was located in the spleen of the ectopic spleen of the pancreas. Seven patients with splenic FDCS underwent splenectomy and 1 patient with pancreatic ectopic spleen FDCS underwent resection of the pancreas. Multiple lesions were detected in 1 case, while single in the others. Tumor was round or oval. The tumors were well‐circumscribed and presented as expansive growth. On unenhanced CT, the tumors showed a slightly lower density, and hemorrhage and necrosis could be detected in 6 lesions. Calcification was seen in 1 case, significant necrosis, and cystic change was presented in the pancreatic ectopic spleen FDCS. The solid part presented isointensity or slightly hypointensity on T1WI, and hyperointensity on T2WI. Cystic necrosis areas were hypointensitive on T1WI, and hyperointensitive on T2WI. Spoke‐like areas with hypointensity on T1WI and hyperointensity on T2WI were detected in the center of the solid part with the distribution among the substantial degenerative and necrotic regions. PET‐CT showed that the 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose was uptaked obviously. The enhancement CT showed that at the arterial phase, the tumors were markedly enhanced and continuously enhanced at portal vein phase and balance phase. Multiple liver metastases were detected in 1 case with huge FDCS. One patient was followed up for 6 years, and gastric lymphoma was detected. The others were followed up for 6 to 53 months, there remained no transfer or recurrence.Conclusions The features of FDCS of spleen mainly manifest as solid or cystic mass with clear solitary sphenoma accompanied by scarring, calcification and hemorrhage. The enhancement mode is persistent enhancement. MRI and PET‐CT help to further reflect the tumor pathological basis and biological characteristics.
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Objective@#To learn the epidemiological characteristics of fall mortality among the elderly people in Taizhou，and to provide basis for intervention strategies of fall in the elderly.@*Methods@#Data of fall mortality among residents aged 60 years or over in Taizhou from 2016 to 2018，collected from Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information Management System，was used for analysis of time，population and geographical characteristics of fall deaths. The epidemic trend of fall mortality in the elderly was described by annual percentage change（APC）. @*Results@#From 2016 to 2018，3 699 cases of fall death in Taizhou were reported，the crude and standardized mortality were 116.90/100 000 and 97.88/100 000. The standardized mortality of fall in women was 106.11/100 000，which was higher than 90.13/100 000 in men（P<0.05）. The standardized mortality of fall in rural residents was 131.20/100 000，which was higher than 28.15/100 000 in urban residents（P<0.05）. The mortality of fall in residents aged 65-69 years from 2016 to 2018 showed an upward trend（APC=4.20%，P<0.05），while the mortality trend of fall in other age groups was not statistically significant（P>0.05）.@*Conclusion@#Fall was the first cause of injury death in the elderly aged 60 years or over in Taizhou. Females and rural residents have relatively higher fall mortality.
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OBJECTIVE@#To optimize the condition for chromosome flaking of mesenchymal stem cells to ensure the cytogenetic quality control of expanding production and clinical application.@*METHODS@#Chromosomal flaking methods were optimized from current chromosome preparation techniques from the aspects of MSCs cell culture concentration, colchicine treatment time and low permeability time.@*RESULTS@#By repeated pre-experiments, the optimal MSCS chromosome flaking condition of MSCs was determined as cell culture concentration of (1-2)× 10 cells per T25 cell culture bottle, and the colchicines processing time was determined as 2 hours and 10 minutes, and the low permeability was 1 hour.@*CONCLUSION@#The optimized chromosome flaking condition can fulfill the requirement of cytogenetic quality control for MSCs.
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Humans , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Chromosome Disorders , Chromosomes, Human , Cytogenetics , Mesenchymal Stem CellsABSTRACT
We evaluated the tolerance and pathogenesis of foodborne pathogens with a simulated gastro-intestinal tract model that simulates the chemical, physical and biological effects of human digestion process under laboratory conditions. This could be used to study the tolerance, pathogenesis, gut microbiota interaction and vaccine development of foodborne pathogens, so as to contribute to control and treatment of foodborne pathogens. This review introduces the applications of simulated gastro-intestinal tract model tp evaluate foodborne pathogens, which includes in-vitro static gastro-intestinal model, in-vitro dynamic gastro-intestinal model, conventional animal model and humanized animal model. And the concepts and characteristics of all models are described in detail. Also, the shortcomings of existing models are analyzed, and improvements of artificial gastro-intestinal tract model are prospected. In conclusion, this review could provide comprehensive data for promoting the progress of studying tolerance and pathogenesis of foodborne pathogens.
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Objective:To compare the ability between bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (BM-MSCs) and adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) or umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) on promotion of vessels formation and vessds stabilization relevant to the functions of EPCs.Methods:In vitro,co-culture blood vessel test was performed to compare the angiogenic ability between BM-MSCs,AD-MSCs or UC-MSCs.In vivo,angiogenic assay dependent on basement membrane matrix Matrigel and immunohistochemistry were performed to compare the ability of vessels formation functions between BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs or UC-MSCs.Results:The lengths and dots of vascular structures formed by EPCs on AD-MSCs layer are greater than those by EPCs on BM-MSCs layer and UC-MSCs layer in angiogenic assay in vitro.The stability of the capillary-like structures formed by EPCs with AD-MSCs on Matrigel was more stable than that by the BM-MSCs,UC-MSCs or EPCs.AD-MSCs and EPCs could form abundant functional vessels with blood perfusion in Matrigelin vivo;UC-MSCs and EPCs could form a few functional vessels with blood perfusion in Matrigelin vivo;BM-MSCs and EPCs could form broken vessels with hemocytes leakage in Matrigel in vivo.Conclusion:AD-MSCs have the stronger ability to promote the angiogenesis and stabilize the vessels compared with BM-MSCs or UC-MSCs ex vivo and in vivo.
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Objective@#To explore the present perceptions of patient-empowering nurse behaviours, self-efficacy and patient activation among patients with chronic diseases, and analyze the influencing mechanism among these three variables.@*Methods@#Using convenient sampling method, a total of 485 inpatients with chronic diseases were sampled from two tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Guangzhou on the day of discharge between March and October 2017. They were surveyed with the demographic questionnaire, Patient Perceptions of Patient-Empowering Nurse Behaviours Scale , Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale and Patient Activation Measure.@*Results@#Empowerment could positively predict self-efficacy (β=0.402, P<0.01) and patient activation (β=0.169, P<0.01). Self-efficacy could also positively predict patient activation (β=0.887, P<0.01). And self-efficacy, of which the effect accounted for 67.87% of the total effect, played a partial intermediary role between empowerment and patient activation.@*Conclusions@#To improve patient activation, empowerment and self-efficacy should be both emphasized and applied by the nurses, so that patients can move smoothly from a care receiver before discharge to one of self-management.
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Objective To investigate the distribution of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in the cerebellum of APP/PS1 transgenic mouse. Methods Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to analyze the relationship between DMTl and amyloid beta (Aβ) and their distribution in senile plaques. Western blotting was used to analyze DMT1 protein level in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse cerebellum. Results DMTl and Aβ were mainly located in the amyloid plaques, which were predominately located in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex of the transgenic mouse. Only a few plaques could be seen in the Purkinje cell layer and granular layer. Confocal laser microscopy revealed the DMTl and Aβ were co-localized in senile plaques. Conclusion The abundant expression of DMTl protein suggests that DMTl and the divalent metal ions that it transports might be involved in the formation of Aβ senile plaques and other pathological processes in the cerebellum in Alzheimer' s disease.
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Objective To investigate and summarize the MRI characteristics of splenic sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT).Methods A retrospective analysis of 5 SANT cases were analyzed,in terms of their MRI characteristics and pathological findings.Results MRI findings of SANT included:T1WI presents iso-signal or slightly low signal,all displayed lesions were detected as low signal compared with spleen,but higher than muscle signal on T2 WI,and with speck dots or starlike low signal in the central area,without necrosis and cystic change.The signal was significantly differentiated compared with the spleen on DWI.On chemical shift imaging,2 cases were showed slightly higher signal on out phase,the others without signal change.On enhanced scan,4 cases had edge obvious enhancement on arterial phase,inward filling enhancement,and the signal was higher than the spleen,1 case without arterial phase enhancement,but with mild concentric delayed enhancement.All of the speck dots and starlike areas decreased with time delay,with certain degree enhancement on delayed phase.Conclusions There were some MRI features of SANT,preoperative MRI can prompt diagnosis,but final diagnosis depends on pathology.
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Objective The study aimed to explore the reliability and validity of public health practitioners 'job satisfaction scale. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted with professional and technical personnel in the province engaged in the work of public health of investigation;they were enrolled through the multi?stage cluster random sampling method for establishing the scale 's internal consistency reliability and structur?al validity. Results The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total satisfaction scale was 0.900. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.896, 0.781,and 0.799 for career development and achievement,relationship and career retention,and income and promotion latitudes,respectively. Four principal components were extracted and the results showed that the cumulative contribution rate was 69.72%and the factor analysis results were basically consistent with the theoretical structure. Conclusion The scale is thus considered to be a reliable and effective measurement tool assessing public health practitioners'job satisfaction,as it had good reliability and validity.
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Objective To regulate standardized ICD-10 case classification name and coding,and common clinical diagnosis name or expression of mapping rules,to systematically improve the quality of DRGs key data,and to assess the impact of medical diagnostic data quality on DRGs and the indicators based on the DRGs.Methods Extension of the glossaries of clinical diagnosis synonyms or near-synonyms,and establishment of a standardized maintenance procedure of ICD-10 dictionary.Adjustment of the impact extent of DRGs disease makeup on case classification,comparison of the consistency of principal diagnosis classification,and the consistency of DRGs grouping,as well as changes of such indicators as DRGs grouping reduction in variance (RIV) and case mix index (CMI).Results Data of the obstetrics,gynecology and pediatrics disciplines of a maternity and children hospital from 2012 to 2013 (72 005 cases)and 2014 to 2015 (77 705 cases) were chosen for prior-after comparison.The encoding consistency rate was 59.60％ before the improvement,with the improved standardized consistency rate rising to 66.38％afterwards;beforehand the DRGs grouping consistency rate was 69.30％,with the improved standardized consistency rate rising to 88.00％ afterwards;beforehand the cost RIV was 0.515,with the cost RIV rising to 0.576 afterwards;the CMI variations of individual campuses of healthcare institutions appear more reasonable.Conclusions Diagnostic quality control and improvement project can improve the data accuracy of coding.This empowers the RIV and CMI indexes calculated on such basis to better describe the complexity of clinical settings,conducive to establishing a value-oriented prepayment system which is more transparent,fair and reasonable.